Sensory Processing Therapists in Toronto, ON

What is sensory processing?

Sensory processing refers to the way the nervous system receives, organizes, and responds to sensory information from the environment — touch, sound, sight, taste, smell, movement (vestibular), and body position (proprioception). When the nervous system processes sensory input differently than typical, it can result in either hypersensitivity (being overwhelmed by sensory input others barely notice) or hyposensitivity (seeking intense sensory stimulation, or not registering input that others do). These differences significantly affect daily functioning, behaviour, emotional regulation, and social participation.

Who experiences sensory processing difficulties?

Sensory processing differences are particularly common in autistic people and those with ADHD, but also occur in children without a neurodevelopmental diagnosis, trauma survivors, and adults with anxiety. Some level of sensory sensitivity is common and does not require treatment; it becomes clinically relevant when it significantly impairs daily functioning, causes significant distress, or limits meaningful participation in activities. Both children and adults can be affected.

Is sensory processing disorder (SPD) a formal diagnosis?

Sensory processing disorder is not a standalone diagnosis in the DSM-5 or ICD-11, which is a point of ongoing debate among researchers and clinicians. However, sensory processing difficulties are recognized as significant clinical presentations that warrant assessment and intervention. They are formally recognized as features within autism spectrum disorder and ADHD, and occupational therapists routinely assess and treat sensory processing differences regardless of formal diagnostic status.

What therapy approaches help with sensory processing difficulties?

Occupational therapy using Sensory Integration Therapy (SI) is the primary evidence-based intervention for sensory processing difficulties, particularly for children. SI therapy involves structured sensory activities to help the nervous system organize and respond more adaptively. Somatic therapies can help with sensory-related trauma responses in adults. Psychotherapy addresses the emotional, social, and relational impact of sensory processing differences — including anxiety, meltdowns, avoidance, and challenges in social and work environments.

What is the relationship between sensory processing differences and autism or ADHD?

Sensory processing differences are very common in autism — research suggests up to 90% of autistic people have sensory sensitivities — and are now formally recognized in the DSM-5 autism criteria. ADHD also frequently involves sensory seeking or difficulties with sensory regulation. This overlap means that a child or adult presenting with sensory processing difficulties should be assessed for neurodevelopmental conditions, since the most effective support will depend on a full understanding of the person's neurological profile.